SherbyNet - /page/wikibook/entry.mu

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</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Toh Chin Chye</div><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:85%;"><a href="Darjah_Utama_Nila_Utama" title="Darjah Utama Nila Utama">DUNU</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:125%; font-weight:bold;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">

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</style><span class="nobold"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">杜进才</span></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Toh in 1959</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="Ministry_of_Health_(Singapore)#Ministers" title="Ministry of Health (Singapore)">Minister for Health</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br>2 June 1975 – 5 January 1981</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Lee_Kuan_Yew" title="Lee Kuan Yew">Lee Kuan Yew</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Chua_Sian_Chin" title="Chua Sian Chin">Chua Sian Chin</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Goh_Chok_Tong" title="Goh Chok Tong">Goh Chok Tong</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Minister for Science and Technology</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br>16 April 1968 – 1 June 1975</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Lee Kuan Yew<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Office established</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Lee_Chiaw_Meng" title="Lee Chiaw Meng">Lee Chiaw Meng</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_Singapore" title="Deputy Prime Minister of Singapore">Deputy Prime Minister of Singapore</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br>5 June 1959 – 2 August 1968</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Lee Kuan Yew</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Abdul_Hamid_Jumat" title="Abdul Hamid Jumat">Abdul Hamid Jumat</a><br>(as <a href="Chief_Minister_of_Singapore" title="Chief Minister of Singapore">Deputy Chief Minister</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Goh_Keng_Swee" title="Goh Keng Swee">Goh Keng Swee</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="Leader_of_the_House_(Singapore)" title="Leader of the House (Singapore)">Leader of the House</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br>5 June 1959 – 15 April 1968</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Lee Kuan Yew</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Office established</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="E._W._Barker" title="E. W. Barker">E. W. Barker</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <a href="Malaysian_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysian Parliament">Malaysian Parliament</a><br>for <a href="Singapore_in_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="Singapore in Malaysia">Singapore</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br>2 November 1963<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – 9 August 1965</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Position established</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Position abolished</i></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <span style="display: inline-block;"><a href="Singapore_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Singapore Parliament">Singapore Parliament</a></span><br>for <a href="Rochore_Constituency" title="Rochore Constituency">Rochore</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br>30 May 1959 – 17 August 1988</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Constituency established</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Constituency abolished</i></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">3rd Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the <a href="People's_Action_Party" title="People's Action Party">People's Action Party</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br>20 October 1957 – 8 January 1981</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Tan Chong Kim</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Ong_Teng_Cheong" title="Ong Teng Cheong">Ong Teng Cheong</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">1st Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the <a href="People's_Action_Party" title="People's Action Party">People's Action Party</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br>21 November 1954 – 13 August 1957</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Position established</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Tan Chong Kim</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2">

</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1921-12-10</span>)</span>10 December 1921<br><a href="Batu_Gajah" title="Batu Gajah">Batu Gajah</a>, <a href="Perak" title="Perak">Perak</a>, <a href="Federated_Malay_States" title="Federated Malay States">Federated Malay States</a>, <a href="British_Malaya" title="British Malaya">British Malaya</a>, (now <a href="Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">3 February 2012<span style="display:none">(2012-02-03)</span> (aged 90)<br><a href="Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="Mandai_Crematorium_and_Columbarium" title="Mandai Crematorium and Columbarium">Mandai Crematorium and Columbarium</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="People's_Action_Party" title="People's Action Party">People's Action Party</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1298804929">

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<div class="marriage-display-inline"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Florence Yeapp Sui Phek</div>

<div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1962; died 2004)<wbr></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">Toh Ai Chu (adopted) (died 2009)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="National_University_of_Singapore" title="National University of Singapore">Raffles College</a><br><a href="University_of_London" title="University of London">University of London</a> (<a href="PhD" class="mw-redirect" title="PhD">PhD</a>)<br><a href="National_Institute_for_Medical_Research" title="National Institute for Medical Research">National Institute for Medical Research</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">In this <a href="Chinese_name" title="Chinese name">Chinese name</a>, the <a href="Chinese_surname" title="Chinese surname">family name</a> is <i> <a href="Du_(surname)" title="Du (surname)">Toh</a></i>.</div>

<p><b>Toh Chin Chye</b><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:85%;"><a href="Darjah_Utama_Nila_Utama" title="Darjah Utama Nila Utama">DUNU</a></span> (10 December 1921 – 3 February 2012) was a Singaporean statesman and academic widely recognised as one of the founding fathers of Singapore. He was a founding member of the <a href="People's_Action_Party" title="People's Action Party">People's Action Party</a> (PAP), the dominant political party in Singapore since independence. Toh played a significant role in Singapore's early political development and was instrumental in shaping the country's post-independence governance.

</p><p>Toh served as <a href="Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_Singapore" title="Deputy Prime Minister of Singapore">Deputy Prime Minister</a> from 1959 to 1968, holding other key cabinet positions including Minister for Science and Technology between 1968 and 1975 and <a href="Ministry_of_Health_(Singapore)" title="Ministry of Health (Singapore)">Minister for Health</a> from 1975 to 1981. Alongside his ministerial roles, he was Chairman of the PAP from 1954 until 1981, as well as <a href="Leader_of_the_House_(Singapore)" title="Leader of the House (Singapore)">Leader of the House</a> from 1959 to 1968. His contributions extended into academia, serving as Vice-Chancellor of the University of Singapore (now the <a href="National_University_of_Singapore" title="National University of Singapore">National University of Singapore</a>) between 1968 and 1975.

</p><p>Toh served as the <a href="Parliament_of_Singapore" title="Parliament of Singapore">Member of Parliament</a> (MP) for the <a href="Rochore_Constituency" title="Rochore Constituency">Rochore Constituency</a> throughout his political life from <a href="1959_Singaporean_general_election" title="1959 Singaporean general election">1959</a> to <a href="1988_Singaporean_general_election" title="1988 Singaporean general election">1988</a>. After resigning from the Cabinet in 1981, Toh continued as an MP on the <a href="Backbencher" title="Backbencher">backbenches</a>. During this period, he became known for his candid criticism of the PAP, particularly as the party began adopting <a href="Neoliberalism" title="Neoliberalism">neoliberalism</a> in its policies.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_career">Early life and career</h2></div>

<p>Toh was born in <a href="Batu_Gajah" title="Batu Gajah">Batu Gajah</a>, Perak. He received his early education at <a href="St._George's_Institution%2C_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="St. George's Institution, Malaysia">St George's Institution</a> in <a href="Taiping%2C_Perak" title="Taiping, Perak">Taiping</a> and the <a href="Anglo-Chinese_School%2C_Ipoh" title="Anglo-Chinese School, Ipoh">Anglo-Chinese School</a> in <a href="Ipoh" title="Ipoh">Ipoh</a> before enrolling at Raffles College (now the <a href="National_University_of_Singapore" title="National University of Singapore">National University of Singapore</a>), where he graduated in 1946 with a diploma in science.<sup id="cite_ref-TNP_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TNP-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He later pursued postgraduate studies at the <a href="University_of_London" title="University of London">University of London</a> and was awarded a <a href="PhD" class="mw-redirect" title="PhD">PhD</a> in <a href="Physiology" title="Physiology">physiology</a> from the <a href="National_Institute_for_Medical_Research" title="National Institute for Medical Research">National Institute for Medical Research</a> in 1953.<sup id="cite_ref-nus_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nus-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Toh began his professional career as an academic and was appointed a <a href="Reader_(academic_rank)" title="Reader (academic rank)">reader</a> in <a href="Physiology" title="Physiology">physiology</a> at the University of Singapore (now the <a href="National_University_of_Singapore" title="National University of Singapore">National University of Singapore</a>) from 1958 to 1964. He later served as the university’s <a href="Chancellor_(education)" title="Chancellor (education)">Vice-Chancellor</a> between 1968 and 1975,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a period during which he concurrently held the Cabinet post of Minister for Science and Technology.<sup id="cite_ref-nus_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nus-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_career">Political career</h2></div>

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</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>"Once you are in the front edge of administration, there'll be barbs and arrows. Don't expect roses. I never expected roses."

<p>Toh became politically active during his time as a university student in <a href="London" title="London">London</a>, when he served as Chairman of the <a href="Malayan_Forum" title="Malayan Forum">Malayan Forum</a>, an anti-colonial group for students from <a href="Federation_of_Malaya" title="Federation of Malaya">Malaya</a> and Singapore where they met regularly for discussions and debates on the future of the Malayan region. He was among the founding members of the <a href="People's_Action_Party" title="People's Action Party">People's Action Party</a> (PAP) and served as the party's chairman from its formation in 1954 until 1981. During a brief period in 1957, however, the <a href="Left-wing_politics" title="Left-wing politics">leftists</a> in the <a href="Political_faction" title="Political faction">party</a>, who then dominated the common membership, took over the party leadership.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The founding members were subsequently restored when many leftist leaders were arrested by Chief Minister <a href="Lim_Yew_Hock" title="Lim Yew Hock">Lim Yew Hock</a> during his anti-communist crackdown. This allowed for the return of the original "basement group" of Toh, <a href="Lee_Kuan_Yew" title="Lee Kuan Yew">Lee Kuan Yew</a>, <a href="Goh_Keng_Swee" title="Goh Keng Swee">Goh Keng Swee</a>, <i>et al.</i> to the party's <a href="Central_Executive_Committee_(PAP)" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Executive Committee (PAP)">Central Executive Committee</a> (CEC). To prevent similar takeovers, Toh introduced a cadre system that restricted the influence of newcomer "ordinary members", including leftist sympathisers, on the CEC's composition. He was a key ally and loyalist of Lee in internal party struggles.

</p><p>Toh stood as the PAP candidate in <a href="Rochore_Constituency" title="Rochore Constituency">Rochore</a> during the <a href="1959_Singaporean_general_election" title="1959 Singaporean general election">1959 general election</a> and won. After the PAP's electoral victory, the party's CEC voted on whether the Secretary-General, Lee, or the party's Treasurer, <a href="Ong_Eng_Guan" title="Ong Eng Guan">Ong Eng Guan</a>, who had served as Mayor of the <a href="City_Council_of_Singapore" title="City Council of Singapore">City Council</a> from 1957 to 1959, should become the first <a href="Prime_Minister_of_Singapore" title="Prime Minister of Singapore">Prime Minister</a>. The vote was tied, and Toh, as Chairman, <a href="1959_PAP_prime_ministerial_election" title="1959 PAP prime ministerial election">cast the deciding vote</a> in favour of Lee.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A staunch opponent of the <a href="Barisan_Sosialis" title="Barisan Sosialis">Barisan Sosialis</a>, a party formed by former PAP members, Toh defeated its chairman <a href="Lee_Siew_Choh" title="Lee Siew Choh">Lee Siew Choh</a> by only 89 votes in the <a href="1963_Singaporean_general_election" title="1963 Singaporean general election">1963 general election</a>, marking his narrowest electoral victory. He held several Cabinet positions both before and after Singapore's independence, including Deputy Prime Minister (1959 to 1968), Minister for Science and Technology (1968 to 1975) and Minister for Health (1975 to 1981). Concurrently, he served as Vice-Chancellor of the <a href="University_of_Singapore" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Singapore">University of Singapore</a> between 1968 and 1975, where he reoriented the university towards national development goals. While his efforts were supported by some, he was also criticised for taking an authoritarian stance, particularly in his suppression of <a href="Student_activism" title="Student activism">student activism</a>.

</p><p>Toh stepped down from Cabinet and as party Chairman in 1981 but continued to serve as a Member of Parliament for two more terms. As a backbencher, he was outspoken and frequently criticised his own party, including voicing opposition to the proposed increase of the <a href="Central_Provident_Fund" title="Central Provident Fund">Central Provident Fund</a> (CPF) withdrawal age from 55 to 60.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He retired from politics at the <a href="1988_Singaporean_general_election" title="1988 Singaporean general election">1988 general election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="False_accusation">False accusation</h3></div>

<p>In 1996, a front-page article in Singaporean tabloid <i><a href="The_New_Paper" title="The New Paper">The New Paper</a></i> claimed that Toh had killed a pedestrian in a <a href="Hit-and-run_accident" class="mw-redirect" title="Hit-and-run accident">hit-and-run accident</a> while driving drunk. The actual perpetrator was a different man also called Toh Chin Chye, one of nine people sharing the name in Singapore. The reporter who filed the story was fired, with two newsroom editors demoted, and the paper paid Toh $300,000 in damages.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Retirement">Retirement</h3></div>

<p>Toh spent his last years away from the public eye. <i><a href="The_Straits_Times" title="The Straits Times">The Straits Times</a></i> featured Toh twice, in 2005 and 2006 respectively, once on 2 May 2005, where he was seen being assisted by two men and a walking stick as he walked to pay his last respects to former President <a href="Wee_Kim_Wee" title="Wee Kim Wee">Wee Kim Wee</a>. In February 2006, Toh was featured in <i>The Straits Times</i> again, paying his last respects to the late former Deputy Prime Minister <a href="S._Rajaratnam" title="S. Rajaratnam">S. Rajaratnam</a> at his home in Chancery Lane.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death_and_legacy">Death and legacy</h2></div>

<p>Toh died in his sleep at his home in Greenview Crescent, <a href="Bukit_Timah" title="Bukit Timah">Bukit Timah</a> on 3 February 2012 at 9:30am <a href="Singapore_Standard_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Singapore Standard Time">Singapore Standard Time</a> (<a href="UTC%2B08%3A00" title="UTC+08:00">UTC+08:00</a>). He was 90 years of age.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is survived by his son-in-law and four grandchildren aged 4 to 15.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

He was given a private funeral according to his wishes on 7 February 2012 at the <a href="Mandai_Crematorium_and_Columbarium" title="Mandai Crematorium and Columbarium">Mandai Crematorium</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a mark of respect for his contributions to Singapore, his coffin was draped in the national flag and borne on a ceremonial gun carriage to the crematorium. State flags at all Government buildings were flown at <a href="Half-mast" title="Half-mast">half-mast</a> on the day of his funeral.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Contributions">Contributions</h3></div>

<p>Toh was generally considered one of the founding fathers of Singapore that came along with <a href="Lee_Kuan_Yew" title="Lee Kuan Yew">Lee Kuan Yew</a>, <a href="Goh_Keng_Swee" title="Goh Keng Swee">Goh Keng Swee</a> and <a href="S._Rajaratnam" title="S. Rajaratnam">S. Rajaratnam</a>, for helping to lead Singapore during the nation's formative years.

</p><p><i><a href="Majulah_Singapura" title="Majulah Singapura">Majulah Singapura</a></i> was chosen by Toh as the national anthem of Singapore. In 1959, he headed the team that designed the <a href="Coat_of_arms_of_Singapore" title="Coat of arms of Singapore">coat of arms</a> and <a href="Flag_of_Singapore" title="Flag of Singapore">state flag</a> of Singapore.<sup id="cite_ref-TNP_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TNP-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honours">Honours</h2></div>

<p>Toh was conferred the <a href="Darjah_Utama_Nila_Utama" title="Darjah Utama Nila Utama">Order of Nila Utama (First Class)</a> in 1990.<sup id="cite_ref-TNP_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TNP-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notelist">Notelist</h2></div>

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<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans">杜进才</span>; <a href="Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Dù Jìncái</span></i>; <a href="Pe%CC%8Dh-%C5%8De-j%C4%AB" title="Pe̍h-ōe-jī">Pe̍h-ōe-jī</a>: <i><span lang="nan-Latn">Tō͘ Chìn-châi</span></i></span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFPoh2012" class="citation web cs1">Poh, Soo Kai (16 February 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://singaporerebel.blogspot.sg/2012/02/on-dr-toh-chin-chye.html">"On Dr Toh Chin Chye"</a>. <i>singaporerebel.blogspot.sg</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150109041210/http://singaporerebel.blogspot.sg/2012/02/on-dr-toh-chin-chye.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 January 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.parlimen.gov.my/files/hindex/pdf/DR-02111963.pdf">"PARLIAMENTARY DEBATES DEWAN RA'AYAT (HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES) OFFICIAL REPORT"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="Dewan_Rakyat" title="Dewan Rakyat">Dewan Rakyat</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160829050606/http://www.parlimen.gov.my/files/hindex/pdf/DR-02111963.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 29 August 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-TNP-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TNP_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TNP_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TNP_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBenson_Ang2012" class="citation news cs1">Benson Ang (February 2012). "Dr Toh Chin Chye:1921–2012 VIP With Simple Taste". <i><a href="The_New_Paper" title="The New Paper">The New Paper</a></i>. Singapore. pp. 4, 6.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-nus-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nus_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nus_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110614084933/http://www.lib.nus.edu.sg/nusbiodata/biovcTohChinChye.htm">"Toh Chin Chye"</a>. <a href="National_University_of_Singapore" title="National University of Singapore">National University of Singapore</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lib.nus.edu.sg/nusbiodata/biovcTohChinChye.htm">the original</a> on 14 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150109041829/http://www.nus.edu.sg/about-nus-2/history/vice-chancellors/toh-chin-chye">"Toh Chin Chye"</a>. National University of Singapore. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nus.edu.sg/about-nus-2/history/vice-chancellors/toh-chin-chye">the original</a> on 9 January 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120205005554/http://www.todayonline.com/Singapore/EDC120204-0000018/Dr-Toh-Chin-Chye">"Dr Toh Chin Chye"</a>. <i><a href="Today_(Singapore_newspaper)" class="mw-redirect" title="Today (Singapore newspaper)">Today</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.todayonline.com/Singapore/EDC120204-0000018/Dr-Toh-Chin-Chye">the original</a> on 5 February 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 February</span> 2012</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFNational_Library_Board,_Singapore" class="citation web cs1">National Library Board, Singapore. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120806220955/http://infopedia.nl.sg/articles/SIP_647_2005-01-11.html">"Toh Chin Chye"</a>. Infopedia. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://infopedia.nl.sg/articles/SIP_647_2005-01-11.html">the original</a> on 6 August 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/1180722/1/.html">"Remembering Dr Toh Chin Chye"</a>. Channel NewsAsia. 3 February 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120929190821/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/1180722/1/.html">Archived</a> from the original on 29 September 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMatthias_Ang2019" class="citation web cs1">Matthias Ang (20 February 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mothership.sg/2019/02/1984-raise-cpf-withdrawal-age-toh-chin-chye/">"In 1984, Toh Chin Chye & Lim Boon Heng criticised proposal to raise CPF withdrawal age from 55 to 60"</a>. <i>mothership.sg</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 July</span> 2025</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFTien" class="citation web cs1">Tien, Jenny. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_647_2005-01-11.html">"Toh Chin Chye"</a>. National Library Board. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141105171311/http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_647_2005-01-11.html">Archived</a> from the original on 5 November 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scmp.com/news/asia/southeast-asia/article/3014649/singapore-medias-run-ins-lee-kuan-yew-and-newsroom">"Excerpts from veteran Singapore editor PN Balji's new book"</a>. 15 June 2019.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.asiaone.com/News/Latest+News/Singapore/Story/A1Story20120203-325628.html">"Remembering Dr Toh Chin Chye"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150109131101/http://news.asiaone.com/News/Latest+News/Singapore/Story/A1Story20120203-325628.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 January 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.straitstimes.com/BreakingNews/Singapore/Story/STIStory_762613.html">"Former deputy PM & PAP founding member Toh Chin Chye dies"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120203084910/http://www.straitstimes.com/BreakingNews/Singapore/Story/STIStory_762613.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 February 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2012</span>.</cite></span>

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